Environmental Problems

All cities feel surroundal conundrums to a littleer or greater degree, ordinarily causation great obstruction to the developers that attempt to improve the urban environment. The brown docket that obstructs this includes these issues* Waste* delinquency* blood line pollution* Noise* Water submit* environmental health* Urban ecosystemsWaste products and chase away disposal* Solids from paper, promotional material and toxic waste cast up as the numbers and affluence augment* Liquid sewerage and industrial waste both rise exponenti solelyy* Sewage control in Calcutta, India-during the monsoon season cloaca enkindle be seen pouring surmount the side of the lane where the drains ar insufficient to cope.* befoulment and health hazards from poor systems of disposal, e.g. rat infestation and wetborne unsoundnesss* An showcase of an MEDC puzzle of waste disposal is in the Bronx, s step to the foreh of New-York-rubbish continually clutters the streets, just bid in th e squatter habilitatetlements in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.SolutionsSolutions to any problem are do more difficult by the lack of available resources and the sheer ordered series of the problems faced.* Improved public awareness-recycling etc, landfill sites, incineration plants and export to other areas (usually MEDC to LEDC)* Development of foundive sewage systems and treatment plants including recycling of brown pee for industrial use* scrap management-refuse collection, and recycling by informal groups or councilsDereliction of land* back overlyth obstruct development- repayable to a number of reasons- noxious leaks that enable a harvest-feast of development on the land Unsightly areas-abandoned areas where bring inings are in ruins, e.g. C circulariseo, Egypt, the buildings evenfall but not restored-leaving them abandoned a huge safety hazard.* Dereliction similarly occurs in MEDCs such as in the Bronx, New-York, during the 1970s landlords were glowing bundle the ir properties to claim insurance money-the buildings are boarded up and left ramshackle and impossible to restore- resolutenessing in brown field sites.Solutions* Demolishing the ruins of buildings-and re-building on cover song.* Toxic leaks are real difficult to tackle-the ground has to be drained of the chemicals and this is a long and expensive process. Brown field sites are rattling untempting to developers-the sites are often more expensive and unpredictable than dark-green-field sites. There is the problem of toxic waste spilling up from the ground.* There are many ends nail down up in the UK for demolishing vacant or crumbling buildings-for example in Manchester many tower block houses are demolished for redevelopment.Pollution of charge* Major problem in most developing world cities.* The promote to industrialization brings with it inevitable problems, in particular as legislation to protect the environment is often non-existent or rarely enforced.* The hidden eco nomy can make sense to the levels of pollution as small, unl methamphetamine hydrochloridensed industries are set up in mints homes or on rooftops. These industries release their pollutants into the air, land and water.* Air in Mexico metropolis is so poor that breathing it is like smoking 60 cigarettes a day* Poisonous gas explosions at Bhapal killed 3300 people and ripely wound 150 000* Photochemical smog formation closely related to urban sprawl* Not caused by traffic alone-factories, waste, incinerators and power plants produce pollutants, especially were industrial plants are old* roughly specialist chemical pollution-dangers of explosions etc* Issued of vitriolic depositionSolutions* Closure of old factories and importation of clean technology, e.g filters, use of cleansing agent fuel, not coal or timber* Cars can be fitted with catalytic converters, use of un-leaded petrol* Movement from private transport to public-this is an example of green transport planning. This provide reduce the release of libellous chemicals such as Carbon Monoxide (which can attach to the red broth cells and cause serious lung problems and even death), Nitrogen Oxide etc caused by the factors mentioned.* Pollution levels can also be monitored and guidelines be released over the levels of pollution in certain areas.Noise* acclivity car ownership-traffic congesting the roads presents a major noise problem-as the roads queer busier and more congested the noise levels soar* Factories and power plants are a huge noise pollutant-especially in old factories-the large machinery is not fitted with silencers and is super noisy byout the majority of the day* Dams and electrical plants, mines etcSolutions* Reduce the meter of traffic on the roads-promote public transport etc* Update the factories with more advanced, quieter, machinery* call forth more energy efficient, quieter, electrical plants- i.e. wind turbines etcWater Supply* employ of ground water led to settling and flooding in capital letter of Thailand* Cities consume large amounts of water, especially as incomes rise aquifier depletion, ground subsidence and low flow of rivers* Leaking sewers are also a major scourge to the water affix-for example the villages of Kanpur or Varansi, India, leak untreated sewage into the Ganga-spreading disease through the villages in India.* The water supply can also set out polluted as inadequate sewerage facilities allow the spread of harmful bacteria-can lead to death from water-borne disease-one of the biggest causes of senior senior high school infant mortality rates.* Lack a clean water supply think ups that the risks of disease are very high.* Water pollution Untreated sewage from the Ganga from cities such as Kanpur or Varanasi In urban areas, water pollution results from leaking sewers, landfill and industrial waste, including oil and chemicals In nearly LEDCs, agricultural pollution from fertilizers and manure is a problem In some LEDCs, agricultural pollution from fertilizers and manure is a problem-leaking into the water supplySolutions* Reservoirs* Pipeline constructions (Development of drainage systems and sewers)* Desalination of salt water* Water conservation strategies* Control points-regulation etc* Installing sewage treatment plants in the largest river settlements* Providing low-cost sanitization facilities and bathing areas* Building electric power crematoria to reduce the numbers of bodies being burnt on the river banks* Putting meat-eating(prenominal) turtles in the river to clear up the body remains* Monitoring river tone to ensure that water tonus consistently improves* Promoting organic farming-elimination of chemical fertilizers and pesticides etcEnvironmental Health* Air in Mexico City, Mexico, is so poor that breathing it is like smoking 60 cigarettes a day.* Chemicals such as Carbon Monoxide (which can attach to the red blood cells and cause serious lung problems and even death), Nitrogen O xide etc* Contaminated water can spread diseases such as Cholera etc* These factors reduce the quality of harplihood and life expectancy, and cause serious health problems-restricted breathing and rapid subjoin of contracting cancer etcSolutions- see solutions in tackling water contamination/air pollution etcIn conclusion, many problems have been tackled, but throwing technology and capital at them does not instantly solve environmental problems. Recycling for example is not always a good way of reducing the build up of waste. For example in Manila, Philippines, children scavenge on refuse sites lay in cans for recycling. As well as being unpleasant, the risk of injury is high and any cuts will become infected.Development in urban areas is usually hindered by environmental problems-which seems to be the worst factor to overcome due to the fact that the environment is very un co-operative and many problems are pushed under the carpet as such and the problems increase to un manage able levels-both in LEDCs and MEDCs. However, MEDCs seem to be developed quicker and at more sustainable levels-due to more money in the politics-more resources and grants awarded. LEDCs are developed however, but it takes a lot longer due to lack of money, resources and usually much more extremes of problems. An example of a LEDC scheme turn ining to improve urban areas is in India-The Ganga Action Plan-1986 the Indian government launched this to improve the water quality by* Installing sewage treatment plants in the largest river settlements* Providing low-cost sanitation facilities and bathing areas* Building electric powered crematoria to reduce the numbers of bodies being burnt on the river banks* Putting flesh-eating turtles in the river to clear up the body remains* Monitoring river quality to ensure that water quality consistently improves* Educating local people in the need for separation of sewage and house-hold wasteCase Studies that include environmental problemsLEDCs Calcutta, India* Western image is of filth and squalor- people supporting in cardboard boxes and newspapers on the street or people sitting on the top of buses in a people-jam.* Sewage pouring down the side of the street in the monsoon season.* These grim images of Calcutta reflect the enormous environmental problems faced result of both physical and gay factors.Shanty towns- e.g. India etc* The shantytown is likely to be put in on inappropriate land.* Could be prone to flooding or is very steeply sloping, increasing the chances of a landslip.* It could be on a musical composition of land that has been badly polluted by a neighbouring industry.The shelters made of wood and high population densities increase the risk of fire.Rio de Janeiro, Brazil* 1/3 of the population lives in favelas In favelas, the shortage of utilities is constant all utilities are below standard access. Water is usually accessed by tapping into a water main that runs near the favela. Only about 50% of the p eople living in favelas have access to an indoor toilet-the sewage then runs through open ditches and eventually runs up to street level-creating an incredible health hazard.* Incineration of the waste can easily ignite many of the wooden houses and cause people become sick due to the smoke.* Since the city often does not live up to its obligation to haul away the trash, it can build up on street and become a source for disease.Cairo, Egypt* South of the delta* Some squatter settlements* City of the dead-people live in the buildings for the tombs-no water system, sewage system, shops etc in this area-lack of provisions* Very crowded-people living on the roofs* Housing declines-the buildings crumbling-are not restored* Rubbish, waste, sewage problems* Pollution* Sewage systems broken-floods the streets* Rubbish-Christians recycle the rubbish from the dumps-but Muslims wont due to their religion-Might have hogg products in that respectSolutions* Egyptian and British scheme-water sys tem-pipes set up for sewage all across the county-but slurry is pumped up to the streets from the construction-spreading disease etcMEDCsThe Bronx, New-York* Poor repairs-houses burnt down in 1970s to claim money off the government-landlords used to burn them down* Healthcare-poorer than the white area* Rubbish cluttering up the streets* People living on the streets* Air pollution from the city-the buildings and factories are old-not filter systems-lots of air pollution* Boarded up houses-dereliction-leads to brown field sitesHackney, London, UK* Lifts are smelly etc-people urinate in the lifts* Construction in the flats are failing, the rooms are damp, they are expensive to maintain* of age(p) people contract pneumonia from the damp conditions-causes health problems like bronchitisSolutions* Demolishment of the blocks of flats* Rebuilding of flats-cleaner-easier to maintain-CCTV cameras set uphttp//www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/index.htmlEnvironmental ProblemsWhat is the impact of human activity on the intrinsic environment? Answer Humans are a part of the graphic environment. Unfortunately, we have not yet learnt to moderate our activities in such a way as to help the environment. Human activities often lead to abjection of the environment. Impacts of humans include pollution land, freshwater creeks and rivers, seas and oceans, and air deforestation and wipeout of habitats endangerment and extinction of flora and sentient being species introduction of invasive and parasitic fauna and flora species to new areas increased desertification of land this often occurs because, when humans try to increase fertile land in one area, they must purloin needed resources from another area altering natural waterways which can increase the risk of flooding Interfering with the natural fire cycles of an area (one cause of increased bushfire problems in Australia) overuse of natural resources, resulting in depletion of some of these resources modality change and the devel opment of extreme withstand conditions scientists continue to debate how much humans actually fall in to humor change and/or world-wide warming, but there is evidence that our activities do contribute in some part emergent sea levels increased erosion of land as a result of mining or agricultural activities Mining activities not unaccompanied can destroy the vegetation of the area, but can contribute to instability in the earths crust.There can be some neutral impacts. indigen people in many lands lived in harmony with their environment for thousands of years. The native Americans and Australian Aborigines, for example, used only what they needed, and did not pollute their environment or alter it negatively and permanently. Fortunately, man is learning (a little too late) that there are activities he can undertake to improve land he has already degraded. This may involve conservation, monitoring of and captive breeding programmed for menace species restoring degraded ecosyst ems by planting trees specifically native to the area, and removing introduced species removal of pollutant materials 3.Questions to mean What is the biggest environmental issue the earth faces? Where on the Earth is this issue? Who does this pith? Why it is the biggest issue the Earth faces? What statistics or relevant information is expenditure knowing about your topic? What future concerns are there? The Biggest Environmental Problem The environmental problem that must be considered as the biggest is the globular Warming. Temperature is slowly increasing all over the world. To understand this better it is also important to explain the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect in a summary Sun strike radiates from the sun, through space, to earths cash dispenser.The sunlight enters the atmosphere and hits the earth. Some of it turns to mania energy in the form of infrared light. The heat absorbs by adjoin air and land, which, in turn, makes it warm. Infrared rays that are remitted into the atmosphere get pin down by the greenhouse gases. When the infrared light tries to leave the atmosphere, some of it will be absorbed by the greenhouse gases and is remitted back to the earth. The Infrared light that is remitted back to earth then warms it more. Some of the naturally occurring gasses in the atmosphere are carbon dioxide and methane. This is the way the earth keeps itself warm enough for human habitation.The problem is that more and more carbon dioxide are added into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels for power, transportation, and producing mass quantities of goods in factories. As if this were not enough, thousands and thousands of trees are cut down for lumber, making them unable to take carbon dioxide out of the air and replace it with oxygen. One effect of worldwide Warming would be rising sea levels. If Global Warming rise the temperature at the ice caps, great amounts of ice will melt, letting all the fresh water flow into the ocean. Ton s and tons of ice will melt if the temperature rises high enough with the cause of sea levels to dramatically rise. Another effect of Global Warming would be severe digest. A change in temperature would mean a significant change in weather, in many places.As the weather grows warmer and more tropical, so does the weather. Many areas are experiencing changes in the weather as an effect of Global Warming intensifying winds, rains and storms. Not only considering mankind as the victims of the Global Warming also must the animals be considered. Many animals may become endangered or extinct because of the climate change is, that are happening rapidly. Animals will find their homes disappearing when trees are cut down or dead because of drouth. Drowning might also be a consequence when animals are over taken by water when rivers and streams rise. This will force people and animals together even more in an overpopulated world.With the fact that the greenhouse effect also will provide drou ght in certain areas forcing people and animals even more together and with less food than today. It is very easy to understand that people and animals will lust to death. The Global Warming does not only have a workaday effect it also have affects on other things such as inflation. Because of crops being destroyed prices will rise, and in some areas it could mean prices rising so high that only a few would be pissed enough to buy food. Global Warming also have an effect on the worlds economy and it could mean costs that mankind never could stargaze of. Action must be taken now before it is too late.